At the end of the 1929 Commencement ceremonies, Red Tomahawk, dressed in the full regalia of a Sioux chieftain, bestowed on General Charles Hyatt the title “Warrior Thunder Hawk.” He then presented Hyatt with a magnificent war bonnet with three hundred eagle feathers. As Red Tomahawk explained “… this Eagle war bonnet, not as an emblem of war, but as an emblem of peace.”

This honor was a gift from the Sioux tribe. It was later learned that General Hyatt was among only a small group of notables to receive this honor. The other honoraries were Former President Calvin Coolidge, President Herbert Hoover, Romania’s Queen Marie, Marshal Ferdinand Foch, and General Charles Summerall.

Although Red Tomahawk spent his lifetime creating a positive image of his culture, he was best known because of his involvement with the ending of Sitting Bull’s life in 1890.

Theodore Hyatt
1857 – 1887

Theodore Hyatt made a commanding appearance. He was tall and physically striking. Born in Westchester County, New York, his formative years were spent on a farm. As a youth he attended the local district school. With the help of the local Presbyterian minister, Hyatt was tutored and entered Union College as a sophomore in 1846. In 1847 he transferred to Princeton University where he graduated in 1849.

After graduation, Hyatt accepted the invitation of Reverend S.R. Wynkoop to teach at the parochial school of the local Presbyterian Church in Wilmington, Delaware. Hyatt purchased the boarding school of Samuel Alsop, which had for years been guided by John Bullock. In 1857 the school was chartered as the Delaware Military Academy by the State.

Starting in 1885, Hyatt suffered greatly from stones, which had formed inside his organs. Although he continued to attend to his duties, he had to rest in bed for a part of each day. In December 1887 his only recourse was an operation. Despite his strong constitution, his heart was unable to recover from the shock of the operation. Surrounded by family Colonel Hyatt, “the scholar and teacher, the generous citizen, the faithful, earnest Christian, passed quietly and calmly through the shadow of death into life, from arduous labor to glorious reward.”

Charles Eliot Hyatt
1888 – 1930

Charles Hyatt was born in Wilmington, Delaware, in 1851. He was eleven years old when the Delaware Military Academy moved to West Chester. In 1872 he graduated from PMA with a degree in Civil Engineering. Following graduation, Hyatt became an instructor in mathematics, elocution and tactics at PMA. In 1873 he was appointed adjutant, and in 1876 treasurer and professor of rhetoric. In 1881 he became vice-president.

Following the death of his father, the Board of Trustees elected Hyatt as President and Commandant. Although the traditions of General Hyatt continued, Charles Hyatt brought a different style of leadership. His colleagues commented that He … has incorporated many of the best of the progressive elements in college life. The colonel is keenly and earnestly interested in the welfare of every student in the college, and shows it by his devotion to the office of president.

As news of his passing reached the PMC community, the expressions of sympathy arrived from every state in the Union.

Frank Kelso Hyatt
1930 – 1952

Hyatt had been born at PMC, reportedly in Old Main, in 1886. He enrolled at PMC in 1902, but transferred to Swarthmore College in the winter of 1903-04. There he graduated with the degree of B.S. in Civil Engineering in 1907. He returned to PMC as a mathematics instructor and soon became vice-president and treasurer of the school in 1917. In this capacity, he became responsible for the business affairs of the PMC.

1910 began Hyatt’s long association with the Pennsylvania National Guard. He organized a troop and was made Captain. During World War I, he organized a Citizen’s Military Corps and helped train hundreds of men on the parade grounds of PMC. In 1943 Hyatt encouraged the Army to send PMC men to complete their college education while they remained in the army.

As a youth, Hyatt had a natural ability as a horseman. Under the guidance of U.S. cavalry officers stationed at the college, he became one of the country’s most outstanding horsemen. He became an active polo enthusiast and in the Philadelphia and New York area and was an executive officer of the U.S. Indoor Polo Association. Under his tutelage, the PMC polo teams were successful and nationally recognized.

When his father, Charles E. Hyatt unexpectedly died from a heart attack in 1930, the Board of Trustees elected Frank K. Hyatt as President and Commandant of PMC.

Edward E. MacMorland
1953 – 1959

Since 1862 PMC had been owned and operated by a member of the Hyatt family. With his health failing, Colonel Frank Kelso Hyatt retired as President of PMC and became the first President Emeritus of Pennsylvania Military College. The Board of Trustees established a selection committee that after nearly a year’s search, selected Major General Edward E. MacMorland as the new President.

MacMorland’s experience as a professional soldier and administrator made him well qualified to be President. Born in 1892, he graduated from the University of Missouri in 1913 earning a Master of Arts degree. His 37-year career in the military began in 1916 with an appointment to the coast artillery corps. His career saw him in the service of his country around the world. In 1952, he was made Chief of the General Purchasing Division of the newly organized U.S. Army in Europe.

He wore the Purple Heart for wounds received in Northern Russia in World War I, the British Distinguished Service Order, the Legion of Merit with an oak leaf cluster and the Army Commendation Ribbon. For his assistance to the British in World War lI, he was awarded the Order of the British Empire. (Commander).

In his inaugural address to the Corps of Cadets and a thousand spectators in 1954, MacMorland stressed that “Pennsylvania Military College is unique” and the development of leaders is our primary mission.”

Clarence R. Moll
1959 – 1972

Clarence Moll was born in Chalfont, Pennsylvania, in 1913. He received a bachelor of science in education from Temple University in 1934, followed by a master’s degree in education three years later. He earned his Ph.D. in higher education from New York University in 1955.

From 1935 to 1942, Moll taught physics, chemistry, and science at several high schools in New Jersey and Pennsylvania. In 1943, Moll left a teaching position with the Navy to join Pennsylvania Military College as an associate professor of physics and engineering. In 1946 Moll assumed the duties of Headmaster of the Pennsylvania Military Prep School and a year later became the Dean of Admissions and Student Personnel. In 1956, Moll became a vice president of PMC.

In 1959 he was selected to succeed Major General Edward E. MacMorland as president of Pennsylvania Military College. Moll’s tenure would result in the disbandment of the Corps of Cadets.

Almost immediately after the attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941 and the declaration of war, America changed. Everything was viewed through the prism of the war effort. This was also true at PMC. In January 1942, PMC announced an accelerated academic program so students could graduate in three years. The plan called for three academic sessions, two of which corresponded to the regular school calendar, and a third session held for 11 weeks during the summer. This allowed cadets to attend classes all year. “Thus, the present junior class will be graduated in February 1943; the present sophomore class in August, 1943; and the present freshman class in June, 1944.”

Developments in the war changed rapidly, and in 1943 the junior and senior classes were called to active duty. Although the juniors had not completed their work under the accelerated program, PMC granted the juniors their diplomas at the Commencement exercises marked with the words, “War Diploma.”

A few of these graduates, like Lew Hutton ‘43 who studied civil engineering, returned after their service and completed their work.

The war years presented PMC with both challenges and opportunities. In 1943, the junior and senior classes were called to active duty. Most of the juniors were near completion of their studies in an accelerated program and graduated with special “War Diplomas.”

In June, 325 soldiers arrived at PMC for Army Specialized Training. The AST program was started in 1943 in order to educate qualified soldiers to fill the Army’s need for high-quality technicians and specialists. PMC, along with dozens of other colleges and universities, was selected by the War Department to participate in the AST program. These soldiers were offered a standard college curriculum leading to the degree of Bachelor of Science in engineering and chemistry. While at PMC these soldiers were on active duty, wore their military uniforms and were under military discipline.

In 1944, Colonel Frank Hyatt reported that the Corps consisted of 100 cadets, about two-thirds of which were preparatory students. The 1944 Commencement exercises were cancelled that year so that PMC could prepare for the arrival of a group of 225 Reserve students. By that time, the cadets had been trained as instructors. The next graduation was held in August 1945, and 1946 witnessed a mid-year graduation for cadets George E. Pranis and Norman J. Stein along with 47 ASTP students. After passage of the G.I. Bill in 1946, PMC began to enroll veterans as day and boarding student

In 1865, Colonel George Patten became the Professor of Mathematics at PMA. A West Point graduate, he was a South Carolinian who fought in the Civil War on the Union side before arriving at PMA. He remained at the school until his retirement in 1881. Under his leadership the Scientific Course, which included the civil engineering program, was organized and was considered to be one of the best in the country. In 1867 Thomas R. Larkin, R. Kelso Carter and Robert McStead were awarded a Bachelor of Civil Engineering at Commencement.

After becoming president of PMA in 1888, Charles Hyatt began to increase the average age of all cadets and respond to the growing number of alumni who felt “the value of their degrees was diminished by the name “Academy.’

The Board of Trustees petition the Pennsylvania Legislature and in 1892 the school was granted “all the powers of a Military University” and authorized it to confer scholastic honors and degrees.

For several years, Theodore Hyatt had suffered from stones in his urinary tract. On December 28, 1887, Professor William Forbes of Jefferson Hospital, performed the delicate surgery of removing these stones. At first the surgery appeared to be successful, however, two days later, Hyatt’s heart failed. Surrounded by family, he passed quietly on December 31. Hyatt’s casket rested upon a catafalque in the main corridor of Old Main, with members of the Class of 1888 posted as a guard of honor. Described as a “grand, good and noble,” man, more than two thousand persons paid their respects to his memory as his casket, followed by the PMA Cadet Corps, was taken by a hearse through the streets of Chester to the Chester Rural Cemetery.

For 35 years Hyatt’s commanding presence and dynamic leadership had provided direction for the school. At the time of his death, PMA was “one of the best-known and best-established military academies in the country.” At a meeting in Philadelphia, the Board of Trustees unanimously elected Charles E. Hyatt to succeed his father as President of Pennsylvania Military Academy in February, 1888.

Charles E. Hyatt had been a graduate of the Class of 1872. After graduation he was appointed to teach mathematics, elocution and tactics at PMA. In 1873, he became Adjutant and in 1876 he was appointed treasurer and Professor of Rhetoric. By 1881, Charles Hyatt was the Vice-President. Upon becoming President, he was given the rank of Colonel of Infantry by the Governor of Pennsylvania. In 1923, Pennsylvania Governor Gifford Pinchot was authorized by the legislature to make Hyatt a Brigadier General.

Hyatt had every intention of continuing the traditions of his father. He also believed that military training was considered the best form of education. However, he held onto his belief that it was more important to make a man than to educate a mind. To accomplish this objective, Hyatt preferred close personal contact with the Cadets. Almost immediately he began a series of small but significant changes at PMA. The daily schedule of the Cadet was modified. Reveille was moved from 6:00 to 6:30 a.m., and the morning study period (6:30 to 7:30 a.m.) was abolished. Cadets on the Merit List were also permitted to wear stars on the collars of their uniforms to signify their academic accomplishments.

Although the younger Hyatt may have been warmer and kinder, he was a firm disciplinarian. Previously, although prohibited, the rule against drinking alcohol was rarely enforced. New regulations prohibiting alcohol clearly stated that “The penalty for the violation of this rule (forbidding the use of alcohol) is expulsion.” In addition, Cadets were discouraged from using tobacco because it was considered to be “injurious” to their health. This ban lasted until 1929.

At the same time as Hyatt was making changes to Cadet regulations, he began to increase the average age of all students. This was done in part to make the school more like a college. It also aa response to the alumni concern that the name “Academy” diminished the value of their degrees. By 1892, the Pennsylvania Legislature granted the school “all the powers of a Military University.” The Board of Trustees then petitioned the courts to change the name to Pennsylvania Military College.

Hyatt’s interest in mounted drill resulted in the purchase of cavalry horses and in cavalry drill being added as an optional course to the program in 1889. Lt Beverly W. Dunn, U.S. Light Artillery, was on the military staff at the time and was chosen to be one of the instructors. In 1897, the John C. Bergfels medal and competition were introduced. This coveted prize was the awarded to that Cadet most proficient in horsemanship and cavalry drill. This challenging and exhausting competition, lasting two days, was open to the public and often attracted thousands of spectators.

Since 1869, the War Department had sent Army staff and equipment to PMA. There was, however, no method of evaluating their effectiveness. That changed in 1889. A team of inspectors, led by Lt. William P. Duvall, Fifth Artillery, from the War Department’s Inspector General’s office came to PMC. The school did well. When Brigadier General Joseph C. Breckenridge, the Inspector General of the Army, conducted the inspection in 1896, he reported “The military instruction of this school is of a superior type … The corps was a specially interesting and intelligent body of young gentlemen….” The results of future inspections were similar and in 1903 PMC was named one of the ten distinguished military institutions in the country.

The nineteenth century came to a close with the Spanish-American War. PMC Alumni responded to this conflict as expected and their military record strengthened the school’s reputation. As the new century opened, Hyatt still had much to do, but PMC was considered to be “nearly on a par with West Point.”

The Hyatt Select School for Boy’s prospered and increased in popularity from 1855 to 1858. Then, Hyatt decided to include military drill and uniforms as a required part of the curriculum. Legend would have it that Hyatt wandered into the school gymnasium one day to discover his pupils drilling with broomsticks, and at that time he struck upon the idea of introducing military training. Confident of his new endeavor, Hyatt sought legislative sanction for his military school in 1859. These efforts met with success when the legislature of Delaware convened in January of that year. The adoption of such incorporation, however, appeared to be little more than a name change to Delaware Military Academy.

Almost immediately Hyatt applied to the state for arms and received 80 sword bayonets, 80 cartridge boxes, 14 light artillery sabres, 40 rifles, and two pieces of field artillery. In April, Governor Burton appointed and commissioned Theodore Hyatt as an additional aide-de-camp on his staff with the rank of colonel. In addition, changes to the uniform were also made. Hyatt adopted the cadet gray of West Point rather than the blue of the Hyatt School.

Unfortunately Hyatt had the misfortune of developing DMA at the apex of tension in Delaware preceding the Civil War. An ardent Unionist, Hyatt became embroiled in a controversy with local secessionists regarding the military equipment Delaware had supplied to DMA. Commencement exercises in June, 1862, concluded the short but eventful life of the Delaware Military Academy. Hyatt had decided that it was prudent to seek a more favorable political climate for DMA in West Chester, PA.

The life span of Delaware Military Academy and its predecessors in Delaware covered a total of 41 years. This small academy in Wilmington took a giant stride forward when its young visionary educator was enraptured by his student’s avid interest in exercising with brooms.

Dr. B. Franklin Cooling, III was an Assistant Professor of History at PMC Colleges when he wrote Delaware Military Academy 1859-1862. Currently he is the Chairman of the Grand Strategy Department Industrial College of the Armed Forces, Fort McNair in Washington, D.C. He has graciously granted his permission for the re-publication of his work. To read Dr. Cooling’s complete and detailed history of DMA click here.

In 1821, John Bullock started the Bullock School, a boarding school for boys, in Wilmington, Delaware. He was described as a good teacher, administrator and positive influence on his boys. The school quickly became recognized for its academic instruction and character building. Samuel Alsop, an expert mathematician and friend of Bullock, moved from Philadelphia and became a teacher at the Bullock School. By 1846, Bullock’s health was failing and Alsop had taken over the responsibilities of running the school. After Bullock’s death the following year, Alsop continued to operate the school. He was not interested, however, in expanding it and sold the school and its equipment to Theodore Hyatt in 1853.

Theodore Hyatt made a commanding appearance. He was tall and physically striking. Born in Westchester County, New York, his formative years were spent on a farm. As a youth, he attended the local district school. With the help of the local Presbyterian minister, Hyatt was tutored and entered Union College as a sophomore in 1846. In 1847 he transferred to Princeton University where he graduated in 1849. After graduation, Hyatt accepted an invitation to teach at the parochial school of the local Presbyterian Church in Wilmington, Delaware.

The Bullock School was renamed Hyatt’s Select School for Boys. The academic instruction consisted of English, Science and the Classics. Each Thursday, students spent the day studying composition, declamation (rhetorical exercise), reading, and spelling. In addition each student was expected to spend three hours in recitation. Despite the growing reputation of the school, Hyatt sought methods to impart gentlemanly conduct on his students.

According to legend, in the fall of 1858 Theodore Hyatt observed some of his students practicing military drills with broomsticks in the recreation room of the school. Infantry Drills then became part of the school because they provided physical exercise and impart habits of “order, neatness, system, punctuality, and gentlemanly carriage” in every Cadet. Uniformity was important and Cadets were required to wear uniforms. These consisted of

… a frock coat of dark blue cloth, single breasted, with velvet collar to turn down,with one row of ten gilt buttons, of the School pattern, to button up to the throat. The pantaloons will be of dark blue cloth, with a black cord one-eighth of an inch thick set in the outer seam. Caps of black cloth in the school pattern were to be worn.

This was the birth of the military program at PMC. Alumni continue to celebrate the legend of the broomsticks (called “The Broom Drill”) by parading with brooms during Homecoming.

 

Note: While the “legend” may be true, according the Circular (school catalogue) for 1858, which was printed during the summer, both Infantry Drill and uniforms were to be introduced at the opening of School on September 6, 1858. If the cadets drilled with broomsticks in the fall, it was because the Governor of Delaware had not yet given the school the military arms for drill.